Appendices

An Optical Brightener Handbook

Appendix A: Optical Brightener Data Sheet

Drainage Area__________ Collected by__________ Page__ of __
Remarks______________________________
Location	Placed	Pulled	No. days	Volume	O.B.+/-	Total Rain

Appendix B: Breakdown by % of 1,123 Optical Brightener Samples from 294 different locations in Gloucester (results as of 10/15/98)

Appendix C: Protocol for boxing in pollution sources using bacterial loading and optical brightener sampling

Bacterial Loading		Optical Brightener		Sampling Period		Preferred Course of Action
high	low	pos	neg	wet	dry
Yes		Yes			Yes	Most likely the result of failing septic systems. Follow the dry weather flow and box in using O.B. and bacterial loading.
Yes			Yes		Yes	Could be caused either by humans or other warm blooded animals. Follow the dry weather flow and box in using bacterial loading
Yes			Yes	Yes		Inconclusive, because there are so many potential sources. Wait and gather dry weather data.
Yes		Yes		Yes		Most likely the result of marginal or failing septic systems. Either wait to gather dry weather data, or box in using O.B. and bacterial loading
	Yes	Yes			Yes	Most likely the result of marginal septic systems. Follow the dry weather flow and box in using O.B. sampling. Because these systems are more likely to fail during periods of high ground water, volume flows and rainfall events should be closely monitored to try and pick up episodic slugs of bacterial loading
	Yes		Yes		Yes	No evidence of pollution at that time. Wait and gather wet weather data and continue periodic monitoring.
	Yes		Yes	Yes		No evidence of pollution at that time. Continue periodic monitoring.
	Yes	Yes		Yes		Most likely the result of marginal or failing septic systems. Either wait to gather dry weather data, or box in using O.B. sampling
Yes						High bacterial loading in the summer and not in the winter usually indicates either lessened seasonal groundwater dilution and/or increased usage by humans or other warm blooded animals during the summer months
Yes						High bacterial loading in the winter during periods of high groundwater and little or no bacterial loading in the summer during periods of low groundwater usually indicates inadequate separation of groundwater from septic systems. Box in using O.B. and bacterial loading during periods of high groundwater.

Appendix D: Typical example of an Optical Brightener Materials List (1996 prices)

25 - 1/2" wire mesh (cages)	$75.75
42 feet black plastic mesh	$ 4.50
100 yards 20 lb. test monofilament	$ 2.00
500 elastics	$ 10.00
1000 staples	$ 5.00
unexposed labels	$ 12.00
5 boxes plastic bags	$ 5.00
200 craft sticks	$ 2.00
25 aluminum spikes	$ 23.00
1 case unwashed cotton pads	$ 88.00
12 rubber gloves	$ 16.00
6 watt UV light with 2 bulbs	$ 240.00
Total	$ 483.25

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